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 The humble hunt is wonderful - to take mushrooms. And with an abundance, when they grow up with whole families, the soul is doubly happy with the gifts of the old pine forest. Mushrooms start the season - morels snowdrops and stitches. They last until mid-June. And immediately russula take the baton, then boletus, spikelets and chanterelles, a little later a second layer of whites appears, the most productive. In a rainy warm summer, Berendey's pantries are rich in mushrooms.
Forest fantasy is endless. In one clearing-patch, porcini mushrooms are located in a circle, as if they are going to lead a round dance. This is the so-called "witch's ring" or "witch's circle". As if the mistress of the mushroom kingdom had bewitched them. More than once I had to meet the "witch's rings" from chanterelle, volushki and very often from fly agarics.
How does the "witch circle" arise? From time immemorial, mushrooms have settled only on young tender tree roots. And in adult trees, such roots are located approximately along the circumference of the crown. So the mushrooms are arranged in circles or ellipses. However, in a circle, mushrooms rarely appear at the same time, more often they form only an arc.
In another mushroom place, I saw a mysterious wonder: two acrobatic mushrooms perched on the hat of their older brother, seemingly on the second floor. How did it happen? Mushrooms in the ground in two tiers went up. When they crawled out in a dense crowd into the white light, they also raised the forest floor. And in the decayed forest waste, two small boletus hid - they had just emerged. The mushrooms on the lower floor rose higher and higher, lifting the top layer of mushrooms, and then completely separated from the ground. The kids only had to - put their roots in the hat of adults. And to look from the outside is a mystery: who helped the little boletus to climb on the cap of the old mushroom?
And here is another oddity the woodsman has created. Two russula with hats fused together - it's not a miracle. The third with her umbrella overturned on them and lay down with the root up - still, wherever it went. But on this spine, which was sticking up, a new hat formed. It turns out that the russula has two hats - above and below - this is a miracle.
There are a lot of fables about mushrooms among the people. They say that they only grow for a few hours. In fact, with good humidity and moderate temperatures, mushrooms grow to medium size in 3-6 days. They increase by 2-3 centimeters in height per day, and up to forty grams in weight. Sometimes boletus in high humidity and very warm weather exceed these norms, and mushrooms grow faster under artificially created conditions. According to the observations of mushroom pickers, giant raincoats added five centimeters in diameter overnight.
A mushroom without a tree and a tree without a mushroom hardly grow. These youngsters of the forest help the trees brother from the soil with water together with the necessary mineral salts, and the tree gives the mushrooms its substances, preserves the moisture of the soil.
In Russia, from time immemorial, mushrooms were considered tasty and healthy food. The use of mushrooms for food was nowhere held in such high esteem as in Russia. The Christian religion required fasting for about 200 days a year, and during the fasting mushrooms replaced modest food. Perhaps, not one country has had such wonderful mushroom fisheries as ours. After all, about five million tons of mushrooms grow in the forests every summer.
The most common edible mushrooms are russula. They make up about one third of the mushroom harvest. For the variety of colored hats, they are called mushroom gems. Boiled russula for one day after salting become usable. Russula, like many other mushrooms, are endowed with medicinal properties - they contain antibiotics.
A fairly widespread gray dung mushroom at a young age is also used for food.But the hostesses who serve mushrooms to the table need to know that they should not consume a drop of alcohol. Otherwise there will be poisoning.
Many old doctors recommend boletus as a treatment for frostbite. Tinctures from porcini mushrooms still in use in some parts of Siberia. It has been observed that eating porcini mushrooms serves as the prevention of cancer.
Not only poisonous, but also edible mushrooms, such as. Honey mushrooms, pigs, chanterelles and some others, can cause poisoning if they are used often and in large quantities. The fact is that these mushrooms contain microdoses of toxic substances that tend to accumulate in the liver.
In general, mushroom picking is a passion to which all ages are submissive. It is called the third hunt. Take a closer look, and the forest will surely reveal its secrets to you, show you a mushroom miracle.
Bortko V.V.
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