Prevention of tobacco dependence

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Prevention of tobacco dependenceTobacco smoking is the most common risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Over the past decades, there has been no significant downward trend in the number of tobacco smokers. According to numerous studies in different countries of the world, the number of people who smoke or chew tobacco is 35–39% of the total population. Currently, a third of the adult population, ie 1.2 billion people, are smokers.

It has been established that the number of smokers depends on external and internal factors. Some of them are quite well known, others have not been studied enough. Thus, the factors that temporarily reduce the level of prevalence of tobacco smoking include a high degree of implementation of the propaganda system about the dangers of tobacco smoking, measures of social protection of the non-smoking part of the population from inhaling tobacco smoke, as well as qualified medical care for people who want get rid of this bad habit... These activities are developed on the basis of scientific research on this issue, both in our country and abroad. They not only contribute to the awareness of the population of the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, but also have a positive impact on the formation of the motive for its cessation.

At the same time, a relatively stable level of smokers is maintained due to the existence of the phenomenon of pathological craving for tobacco. So, an attempt to quit smoking leads to the formation of a painful condition - withdrawal syndrome. Tobacco addiction is defined as a chronically current pathobiological process, which is phenomenologically determined by the uncontrollability of the I's memories and ideas.

Prevention of tobacco dependenceThe desire to smoke tobacco is clinically formed into the ideational component of the pathological attraction to it. The number of people with tobacco dependence is so great that in recent years it has been put at the forefront in the development of programs for the prevention and control of tobacco smoking: 97% of systematic smokers are patients with tobacco dependence and only 3% are people with a smoking habit. Short remissions, frequent relapses, characteristic of tobacco addiction, significantly complicate the solution of the problem of prevention of tobacco smoking among the population. So, in a year or earlier after the treatment, 80-90% of people begin to smoke tobacco again.

Diagnosis of tobacco dependence is based on the following criteria: continuous smoking for more than one month with unsuccessful attempts to stop smoking or permanently reduce the number of cigarettes smoked daily; continued smoking of tobacco, despite the occurrence of serious, life-threatening somatic diseases.

According to recent studies, nicotine is an addictive euphorizing substance. At the same time, such phenomena as increased concentration of attention, improved memorization process, weakened reaction to stress, etc. are observed. The results of pharmacological studies indicate that nicotine has a paradoxical combination of the properties of a stimulant and a depressant of the central nervous system, and in small doses it acts as a stimulant , and in high - quickly acquires sedative properties. Many researchers explain the development of tobacco dependence and withdrawal syndrome by such a variety of pharmacological effects of nicotine, including cholinergic and dopaminergic effects.

The low efficiency of tobacco dependence treatment and a large number of existing treatment methods indicate an insufficient development of this problem. Go to e-Sigs is also insufficient.Therefore, today it is extremely important to develop new methods of treating tobacco dependence, taking into account the form and type of the course of this disease, as well as the motivation for smoking cessation.

Inna Ivolgina


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