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 The oral cavity with the organs located in it plays an important role in the life of the human body. Through it, nutrients are introduced into the body, which are subjected to primary processing here with the help of teeth and saliva.
Disorder of the function of the chewing apparatus affects the work of the rest of the organs of the human body. The absence of teeth, as a rule, leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, as insufficiently crushed and processed food enters the stomach. This often leads to various diseases. Disorders of gastric digestion have an adverse effect on the absorption of food and on the general condition of the body.
Teeth also play an important role in the production of sounds. In the absence of even one or two teeth, speech becomes less clear, pronunciation of a number of sounds becomes difficult. Naturally, this has a depressing effect on the psyche. Those persons whose profession requires clear diction (teachers, artists) especially suffer from this.
In the absence of teeth, the function of the jaw is disrupted, as a result of which atrophic changes occur in it, leading to disfigurement of the face.
In addition, it must be remembered that the mouth is one of the most microbial cavities in the human body. With poor maintenance of the oral cavity, favorable conditions are created for the development of microorganisms.
 The presence of diseased teeth creates the prerequisites for the direct penetration of microbes into the body.
It must be firmly learned that a disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, every citizen should know the basics of disease prevention.
To get a clear idea of dental diseases and to understand the main measures for the prevention of oral diseases, it is necessary to at least briefly get acquainted with the anatomy (structure) of the teeth and jaws.
In a person's life, a double teething occurs: first, milk teeth erupt, then permanent ones.
Milk teeth develop from a tooth germ, which is formed during intrauterine development. Their eruption begins in early childhood (7 months) and ends by 2-27 years. The appearance of milk teeth on time serves as one of the indicators of the normal development of a child.
In a normally developing child, teeth erupt in the following order:
- The central incisors erupt at the 7-8th month, the lateral ones at the 8-12th.
- Molars (large indigenous first) at 12-16th.
- Canines at 15-20th.
- Molars (large indigenous second) at the 20-30th.
Thus, by the end of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd year of life, the child has 20 teeth, of which on each side of the jaw: 1 central incisor, 1 lateral incisor, 1 canine, 2 large molars, or molars.
Milk teeth have a great impact on the development and life of the child's body. They affect the formation of the chewing muscles, which begins to take an active part in the act of chewing, and, in addition, the development of the bones of the upper and lower jaws.
Not all deciduous teeth are the same in shape and number of roots. The upper molars have three roots, the lower ones have two, the rest of the teeth have one. As permanent teeth develop and erupt, the roots of milk teeth gradually dissolve, and the teeth themselves fall out.
The emergence of permanent teeth is called the second teething. It usually begins in the 7th year of life, when the first large molar appears.
 The order of eruption of permanent teeth in humans is as follows:
- The central incisors erupt in the 7-8th year.
- Lateral - 8-9th
- Small molars first erupt at the age of 9-11.
- Small second molars erupt at 11-12.
- Canines erupt at 12-13.
- The first large molar erupts at 6-7.
- The second large molar erupts at 12-13.
- The third large molar erupts at 13-24 years.
At the age of 13-14 years, a person basically ends the eruption of permanent teeth. At this time, he has 28 teeth, of which on each half of the jaw there is: 1 central incisor, 1 lateral incisor, 1 canine, 2 small molars and 2 large molars. The appearance of the third large molar, or, as it is called, the "wisdom tooth", occurs between the ages of 13 to 24, although there are times when this tooth erupts even later or does not erupt at all.
Teething usually does not cause any painful processes; only the appearance of the lower "wisdom teeth", which very often do not have enough space in the jaw, can be accompanied by pain.
Yu. B. Gorsky - Take care of your teeth
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