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 The ground floor is the lower floor of the building, which is about half buried in the ground. Unlike the basement, the basement floor can have windows that give daylight and the possibility of natural ventilation, as well as a basement vestibule that serves as an entrance from the street.
It is not advisable to build a basement floor in areas where there is high groundwater, for example, in swampy areas, or where there is a high possibility of raising the water level. It will also be disadvantageous in an area where the rocks come out almost to the surface.
To equip the basement, it is necessary to carry out a rather laborious and expensive excavation of a large amount of soil, therefore, in areas with a warm climate, where the foundation is usually laid shallow, it will be cheaper to expand the ground part of the house. In places with a cold climate, the foundation is made deep - 120-180 cm from the surface, below the level of soil freezing. So the use of space, which, one way or another, is formed, becomes rational and justified.
When a house is being built on an area with a slope, very often one or more walls are made to come out to the surface. Equipped with standard windows, this wall allows daylight and fresh air to penetrate inside, and by installing a door here, you will acquire a separate entrance to the basement, and get rid of the need to make stairs to the top. If the floor is completely recessed into the ground, then a basement vestibule is installed as an external entrance.
It can be designed in the form of downward steps attached to a concrete wall with a doorway. It is also possible to install a pre-fabricated system that is made of prestressed reinforced concrete and embedded in the wall opening at the desired location. This structure must subsequently be equipped with a steel door, down from which a concrete staircase will lead to the basement. When closed, this door reliably protects the floor from moisture and debris getting inside, and when open, it should be wide enough for everyday functions, as well as for emergency situations.
To turn the base into a cozy place and avoid such disadvantages as unnecessary dampness, you need to include waterproofing, a special water protection system and an air dryer in the floor plan. Thus, you will prevent in advance the violation of plans for the arrangement of living quarters due to the aggressive effects of strong humidity and leaks in the walls. In areas with cold winters, where there is the possibility of seasonal icing, also look for additional thermal protection, water or electric heating.
Additional light in the rooms and natural ventilation are easily achieved by window wells built into the walls. Dense, made of high-strength polyethylene and assembled immediately on the construction site, they dock directly to the foundation, going down in steps. This ledge will make the perfect flower garden, while meeting all the necessary safety standards when going to the surface in an emergency. The spaces located in the basement benefit greatly if there are window wells. A bedroom or living room with large windows will become lighter and more "airy", which will visually expand the room, and also allow you to arrange a secluded place for reading or handicrafts here.
If the slope of the site on which the house is being built is large enough, then the basement floor, in whole or in part, can be set aside for a garage for one or two cars.
Arrange for them a good drive in the part with the lowest elevation mark, and do not forget to observe the safety rules when storing the car in underground conditions. A workshop equipped here would be a good option.With proper soundproofing, this can be a place for using noisy instruments or for band rehearsals.
The basement will be ideal for utility rooms, for example, for a laundry room and a boiler room. They do not require so much space to occupy the entire floor, so that the remaining space will successfully serve as an area for relaxation, games and entertainment.
No matter how you dispose of the basement, while observing all the planning features, you will receive additional space in your home, bringing you joy and tranquility. The owners of the land plot with difficult terrain, where the multi-level building is being built, will have particular benefits. A certain amount of attention and money invested will pay off not only by the functional advantages of the basement, but also by many pleasant evenings spent in its rooms.
F. I. Nosov
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